§ Rule 509. Physician-Patient Privilege
Rule 509. Physician-Patient Privilege
(a) Definitions. As used in this rule:
(1) A “patient” means any person who consults or is seen by a physician to receive medical care.
(2) A “physician” means a person licensed to practice medicine in any state or nation, or reasonably believed by the patient so to be.
(3) A communication is “confidential” if not intended to be disclosed to third persons other than those present to further the interest of the patient in the consultation, examination, or interview, or those reasonably necessary for the transmission of the communication, or those who are participating in the diagnosis and treatment under the direction of the physician, including members of the patient's family.
(b) Limited Privilege in Criminal Proceedings. There is no physician-patient privilege in criminal proceedings. However, a communication to any person involved in the treatment or examination of alcohol or drug abuse by a person being treated voluntarily or being examined for admission to treatment for alcohol or drug abuse is not admissible in a criminal proceeding.
(c) General Rule of Privilege in Civil Proceedings. In a civil proceeding:
(1) Confidential communications between a physician and a patient, relative to or in connection with any professional services rendered by a physician to the patient are privileged and may not be disclosed.
(2) Records of the identity, diagnosis, evaluation, or treatment of a patient by a physician that are created or maintained by a physician are confidential and privileged and may not be disclosed.
(3) The provisions of this rule apply even if the patient received the services of a physician prior to the enactment of the Medical Liability and Insurance Improvement Act, TEX.REV.CIV.STAT. art. 4590i.
(d) Who May Claim the Privilege in a Civil Proceeding. In a civil proceeding:
(1) The privilege of confidentiality may be claimed by the patient or by a representative of the patient acting on the patient's behalf.
(2) The physician may claim the privilege of confidentiality, but only on behalf of the patient. The authority to do so is presumed in the absence of evidence to the contrary.
(e) Exceptions in a Civil Proceeding. Exceptions to confidentiality or privilege in administrative proceedings or in civil proceedings in court exist:
(1) when the proceedings are brought by the patient against a physician, including but not limited to malpractice proceedings, and in any license revocation proceeding in which the patient is a complaining witness and in which disclosure is relevant to the claims or defense of a physician;
(2) when the patient or someone authorized to act on the patient's behalf submits a written consent to the release of any privileged information, as provided in paragraph (f);
(3) when the purpose of the proceedings is to substantiate and collect on a claim for medical services rendered to the patient;
(4) as to a communication or record relevant to an issue of the physical, mental or emotional condition of a patient in any proceeding in which any party relies upon the condition as a part of the party's claim or defense;
(5) in any disciplinary investigation or proceeding of a physician conducted under or pursuant to the Medical Practice Act, TEX.REV.CIV.STAT. art. 4495b, or of a registered nurse under or pursuant to TEX.REV.CIV.STAT. arts. 4525, 4527a, 4527b, and 4527c, provided that the board shall protect the identity of any patient whose medical records are examined, except for those patients covered under subparagraph (e)(1) or those patients who have submitted written consent to the release of their medical records as provided by paragraph (f);
(6) in an involuntary civil commitment proceeding, proceeding for court-ordered treatment, or probable cause hearing under TEX.HEALTH & SAFETY CODE ch. 462; tit. 7, subtit. C; and tit. 7, subtit. D;
(7) in any proceeding regarding the abuse or neglect, or the cause of any abuse or neglect, of the resident of an “institution” as defined in TEX.HEALTH & SAFETY CODE § 242.002.
(f) Consent.
(1) Consent for the release of privileged information must be in writing and signed by the patient, or a parent or legal guardian if the patient is a minor, or a legal guardian if the patient has been adjudicated incompetent to manage personal affairs, or an attorney ad litem appointed for the patient, as authorized by TEX.HEALTH & SAFETY CODE tit. 7, subtits. C and D; TEX. PROB. CODE ch. V; and TEX.FAM.CODE § 107.011; or a personal representative if the patient is deceased, provided that the written consent specifies the following:
(A) the information or medical records to be covered by the release;
(B) the reasons or purposes for the release; and
(C) the person to whom the information is to be released.
(2) The patient, or other person authorized to consent, has the right to withdraw consent to the release of any information. Withdrawal of consent does not affect any information disclosed prior to the written notice of the withdrawal.
(3) Any person who received information made privileged by this rule may disclose the information to others only to the extent consistent with the authorized purposes for which consent to release the information was obtained.